ABSTRACT

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents that is characterized with attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation mediated by inflammasome activation can influence brain development and potentially precipitate neurodevelopmental disorders. Inflammasomes are intracellular multimeric protein complexes that are intimately involved in the inflammatory response. Although epigenetic alterations associated with neuroinflammation and inflammasome have been postulated to contribute to ADHD’s etiology, extant research in this domain remains scant. Notably, inflammasome are being considered as both potential biomarkers for ADHD diagnosis and therapeutic targets, with inflammasome inhibition being a promising treatment avenue for patients with ADHD. This review aimed to elucidate the relationship between neuroinflammation, inflammasome, and ADHD etiology.