ÖZ
Amaç
Ebeveyn-Bebek Etkileşimi Çok Eksenli Değerlendirme (PTI-MAXA), anne/baba ve 1-3 yaş arası bebekleri arasındaki etkileşimi değerlendirmek ve etkileşim kalitesinin farklı boyutlarını puanlamak için geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, anne-çocuk ve baba-çocuk çiftleri arasındaki etkileşim boyutlarındaki farklılıkların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, bu değerlendirmenin erken dönemde çocuğun psikiyatrik ve nörogelişimsel morbiditesi açısından ayırt edici özelliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Katılımcılar 13-40 aylık [ortalama: 27,28±6,7 ay; (erkek, n=63; kız, n=42)] 105 çocuk ve 22-46 (ortalama: 31,5±4,8) yaşlarındaki anneleri ve 26-47 (ortalama: 34,7±4,7) yaşlarındaki babalarından oluşmaktadır. PTI-MAXA değerlendirmesinin yanı sıra Kısa Bebek/Çocuk Sosyal ve Duygusal Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Anormal Davranış Kontrol Listesi, Kısa Semptom Envanteri ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri gibi çeşitli psikometrik ölçümler kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular
Otizmden bağımsız olarak, erkek çocukların özellikle annelerinde PTI-MAXA skorları anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur. PTI-MAXA’nın başta otizm spektrumu olmak üzere klinik tanı grupları açısından ayırt edici olduğu görülmüştür. Anneler, babaların aksine 1-3 yaşındaki çocuklarıyla daha katılımcı ve karşılıklı etkileşimler sergilemiştir. Ayrıca, anne-çocuk ve baba-çocuk etkileşimleri özellikle cinsiyetler arasında önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. PTI-MAXA, laboratuvar ortamında videoya kaydedilen 40-50 dakikalık oyun sırasında anne/baba-çocuk etkileşimlerinin güvenilir genel derecelendirmeler ile ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sonuç
Bu bulgular, PTI-MAXA’nın klinik uygulamalar için kullanışlılığını, geçerliliğini ve güvenilirliğini vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Anne-çocuk, baba-çocuk, etkileşim, PTI-MAXA
Kaynaklar
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