ABSTRACT

Objectives:

In our research; the aim of this study was to question the screen exposure of children of individuals who applied to family health centers (FHC) and to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors of families about the effect of screen exposure on children.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted in five FHCs between March and April 2021. The sample size of the study was calculated as a minimum of 334. A data collection form with 34 questions was used in the study. The form was applied by face-to-face interview method. Relationships between data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Statistically, cases with p<0.05 were considered significant.

Results:

A total of 360 individuals, (71.4% females, n=257) with a median of 2 (1-2) children, participated in the study. Children who do not spend time with their parents in front of the screen, and children who are in the same room while their fathers were watching programs, were found to be significantly more likely to use the swearing/slang they heard on the screen in daily life (p<0.001, p<0.047, respectively).

Conclusion:

As a result of our research, it was seen that some parental attitudes and behaviors contributed to the negative effects of screen exposure on children. In order to prevent this situation, it is necessary to educate the parents before the children and to be more conscious of the negative consequences of the screen.

Keywords: Child, screen exposure, attitude

References

Veraksa N, Veraksa A, Gavrilova M, Bukhalenkova D, Oshchepkova E, Chursina A. Short-and Long-Term Effects of Passive and Active Screen Time on Young Children’s Phonological Memory. FrontEduc. 2021;6:1-12.

Konca AS. Digital Technology Usage of Young Children: Screen Time and Families. Early Childhood Education Journal. J2021;1097-1098.

Mustafaoğlu R, Zirek E, Yasacı Z, Özdinçler AR. The Negative Effects of Digital Technology Usage on Children’s Development and Health. Addicta. 2018;5:13-21.

Clarke AT, Kurtz-Costes B. Television viewing, educational quality of the home environment, and school readiness, J. Educ. Res. 1997;90:279-285.

Chonchaiya W, Pruksananonda C. Television viewing associates with delayed lan-guage development. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97:977-982.

Przybylski AK. Digital screen time and pediatric sleep: Evidence from a preregistered cohort study. J Pediatr2019;205:218-223.

Wilson BJ. Media and children’s aggression, fear, and altruism. The Future of Children. 2008;18:87-118.

Verlinden M, Tiemeier H, VeenstraR, Mieloo CL, Jansen W, Jaddoe VW, Raat H, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Jansen PW. Television viewing through ages 2-5 years and bullying involvement in early elementary school. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:157.

HuesmannLR. The impact of electronic media violence: Scientific theory and research. J Adolesc Health. 2007;41:6-13.

AndersonCA, Sakamoto A, Gentile DA, Ihori N, Shibuya A, Yukawa S. Longitudinal effects of violent video games on aggression in Japan and the United States. Pediatrics. 2008;122:1067-1072.

Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Method. 2007;39:175-191.

Janssen I, Medina C, Pedroza A, Barquera S. Screen time in Mexican children: findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Salud Publica Mex. 2012;55:484-491.

Cartanyà‐Hueso À, Lidón‐Moyano C, Martín‐Sánchez JC, González‐Marrón A, Matilla‐Santander N, Miró Q, Martínez‐Sánchez JM. Association of screen time and sleep duration among Spanish 1‐14 years old children. Paediat Perinat Epidemiol. 2021;35:120-129.

Livingstone S, Mascheroni G, Dreier M, Chaudron S, Lagae K. How parents of young children manage digital devices at home: The role of income, education and parental style. EU Kids Online, LSE. 2015.

Nikken P, Jansz J. Developing scales to measure parental mediation of young children’s internet use. LearnMedia Technol. 2014;39:250-266.

Sweetser P, Johnson D, Ozdowska A, Wyeth P. Active versus passive screen time for young children. Austral JEarl Child. 2012;37:94-98.

Pérez-Farinós N, Villar-Villalba C, López Sobaler AM, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Aparicio A, Santos Sanz S, Robledo de Dios T, Castrodeza-Sanz JJ, Ortega Anta RM. The relationship between hours of sleep, screen time and frequency of food and drink consumption in Spain in the 2011 and 2013 ALADINO: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2017;6;17:33.

Christakis DA, Zimmerman FJ.Violent television viewing during preschool is associated with antisocial behavior during school age. Pediatrics. 2007;120:993-999.

Robertson LA, McAnally HM, Hancox RJ. Childhood and adolescent television viewing and antisocial behavior in early adulthood. Pediatrics. 2013;131:439-446.

Pagani LS, Lévesque-Seck F, Fitzpatrick C. Prospective associations between televiewing at toddlerhood and later self-reported social impairment at middle school in a Canadian longitudinal cohort born in 1997/1998. Psychol Med. 2016;46:3329-3337.

Bushman BJ, Huesmann LR. Short-term and long-term effects of violent media on aggression in children and adults. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:348-352.

Communications C. From the American Academy of Pediatrics: policy statement--media violence. Pediatrics. 2009;124:1495-1503.

Cho CH, Cheon HJ. Children’s exposure to negative internet content: Effects of family context. J Broadcast Electr Media. 2005;49:488-509.

Sebzecioğlu T, Özgür SC. Cinsiyete bağlı argo kullanımı üzerine bir twitter etiketi örneklemi. TÜRÜK Uluslararası Dil Edebiyat ve Halk Bilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;1:75-93.

Ihmeideh FM, Shawareb AA. The association between internet parenting styles and children’s use of the internet at home. J Res Child Educ. 2014;28:411-425.

Attitudes and Behaviors of Families About the Effect of Screen Exposure on Children

ABSTRACT

References