Investigation of Attachment Style and Theory of Mind Skills in Mothers of Children with Cognitive Delay
PDF
Cite
Share
Request
Original Article
P: 214-221
November 2023

Investigation of Attachment Style and Theory of Mind Skills in Mothers of Children with Cognitive Delay

Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023;30(3):214-221
1. Çanakkale Devlet Hastanesi, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, Çanakkale, Türkiye
2. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, Kocaeli, Türkiye
3. Muğla Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, Muğla, Türkiye
No information available.
No information available
Received Date: 11.03.2022
Accepted Date: 20.04.2022
Publish Date: 30.11.2023
PDF
Cite
Share
Request

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to investigate the attachment style and theory of mind skills of mothers of children aged 3-6 years with cognitive developmental delay and to compare the findings with the mothers of healthy peers.

Materials and Methods:

The study sample consisted of 32 children with 3-6 years of age and their mothers who were diagnosed with cognitive developmental delay using Denver Developmental Screening test II after admission to Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, and a control group of 34 children with 3-6 years of age with normal development and their mothers. In the study, a sociodemographic data form, “parental bonding instrument”, “dokuz eylül theory of mind scale” and “reading the mind in the eyes test” were filled by the participant mothers.

Results:

There was no significant difference between groups in terms of the attachment style and theory of mind skills of the mothers. When the relationship between the attachment and theory of mind skills sub-dimensions of both groups were examined, a correlation was detected between the paternal care/control and “reading the mind in the eyes” test, paternal overprotection and irony comprehension in the study group; maternal overprotection and metaphor understanding and irony comprehension, paternal overprotection and irony comprehension in the control group. It was detected that the mothers with high educational level had better theory of mind skills.

Conclusion:

It was not found that the theory of mind skills and attachment styles of their mothers effect cognitive developmental delay in children. But it’s important that our study gives some clues about the effect of attachment styles on the theory of mind skills. In the future, in order to predict the existing attachment style and theory of mind skills between the parents and their respective parents, both parents should be included in the study.

References

1
Senemoğu N. Gelişim Öğrenme ve Öğretim: Kuramdan Uygulamaya. Spot Matbaacılık, Ankara. 1997.
2
Zeanah CH, Benoit D, Barton M, Regan C, Hirshberg LM, Lipsitt LP. Representations of attachment in mothers and their one-year-old infants. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993;32:278-286.
3
Cori JL. Abat Z (Çev. Ed.). Annenin Duygusal Yokluğu. Koridor Yayıncılık. İstanbul 2019.
4
Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1982;52:664-678.
5
Siegel DJ. Toward an interpersonal neurobiology of the developing mind: Attachment relationships, “mindsight” and neural ıntegration. Infant Ment Health J. 2001;22:67-94.
6
Allen JG. Mentalizing in the Development and Treatment of Attachment Trauma. First Edition . Routledge. Oxon, OX 2018.
7
Fonagy P, Target M. Attachment and reflective function: their role in self-organization. Dev Psychopathol. 1997;9:679-700.
8
Slade A, Grienenberger J, Bernbach E, Levy D, Locker A. Maternal reflective functioning, attachment, and the transmission gap: a preliminary study. Attach Hum Dev. 2005;7:283-298.
9
Ruffman T, Slade L, Devitt K, Crowe E. What mothers say and what they do: The relation between parenting, theory of mind, language and conflict/cooperation. J Dev Psychol. 2006;24:105-124.
10
Berthelot N, Ensink K, Bernazzani O, Normandin L, Luyten P, Fonagy P. Intergenerational transmission of attachment in abused and neglected mothers: the role of trauma-specific reflective functioning. Infant Ment Health J. 2015;36:200-212.
11
Halberstadt AG, Cassidy J, Stifter CA, Parke RD, Fox NA. Self-expressiveness within the family context: Psychometric support for a new measure. Psychol Assess. 1995;7:93–103.
12
Eisenberg N, Valiente C, Morris AS, Fabes RA, Cumberland A, Reiser M, Gershoff ET, Shepard SA, Losoya S. Longitudinal relations among parental emotional expressivity, children’s regulation, and quality of socioemotional functioning. Dev Psychol. 2003;39:3-19.
13
Rollo D, Sulla F. Maternal Talk in Cognitive Development: Relations between Psychological Lexicon, Semantic Development, Empathy, and Temperament. Front Psychol. 2016;7:394.
14
Anlar B, Bayoğlu BU, Yalaz K. Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi Türk Çocuklarına Uyarlaması ve Standardizasyonu. Gelişimsel Çocuk Nörolojisi Derneği. Ankara 2011.
15
Frankenburg WK, Dodds J, Archer P, Shapiro H, Bresnick B. The Denver II: a major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Pediatrics. 1992;89:91-97.
16
Kapçi EG, Küçüker S. Ana Babaya Bağlanma Olçeği: Türk Universite Oğrencilerinde Psikometrik Ozelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2006;17:286-295.
17
Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I. The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42:241-251.
18
Yıldırım EA, Kaşar M, Güdük M, Ateş E, Küçükparlak I, Ozalmete EO. Investigation of the reliability of the “reading the mind in the eyes test” in a Turkish population. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2011;22:177-186.
19
Değirmencioğlu B. İlk kez geliştirilecek olan dokuz eylül zihin teorisi ölçeğinin (deztö) geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. T.C. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İzmir 2008.
20
Akyol AK. Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Gelişim II (36-72 Ay). Anı Yayıncılık. Ankara 2018.
21
Harding JF, Morris PA, Hughes D. The relationship between maternal education and children’s academic outcomes: a theoretical framework. J Marriage Fam. 2015;77:60-76.
22
Jackson M, Kiernan K, McLanahan S. Maternal Education, Changing Family Circumstances, and Children’s Skill Development in the United States and UK. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 2017;674:59-84.
23
Miller SA. Parenting and Theory of Mind. First Edition. Oxford University Press. New York, NY 2016.
24
Roskam I, Meunier JC, Stievenart M. Parent attachment, childrearing behavior, and child attachment: Mediated effects predicting preschoolers’ externalizing behavior. J ApplDevPsychol. 2011;32:170-179.
25
Premack D, Woodruff G. Does the chimpanzee theory of mind. Behav Brain Sci. 1978;4:515-526.
26
Steele H, Steele M, Croft C. Early attachment predicts emotion recognition at 6 and 11 years old. Attach Hum Dev. 2008;10:379-393.
27
Lyvers M, Mayer K, Needham K, Thorberg FA. Parental bonding, adult attachment, and theory of mind: A developmental model of alexithymia and alcohol-related risk. J Clin Psychol. 2019;75:1288-1304.
28
Nelson CA 3rd, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, Marshall PJ, Smyke AT, Guthrie D. Cognitive recovery in socially deprived young children: the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Science. 2007;318:1937-1940.
29
Jay F, Aquiles I. Father involvement program effects on fathers, father figures, and their head start children: A quasi-experimental study. Early Child Res Q. 1999;14:243-269.
30
Flouri E, Buchanan A. The role of father involvement in children’s later mental health. J Adolesc. 2003;26:63-78.
31
Arranz Freijo EB, Artamendi J, Olabarrieta F, Martín J. Family context and theory of mind development. Early Child Dev Care. 2002;172:9-22.